Ghana Investment Promotion Center

THE GHANA INVESTMENT PROMOTION CENTRE

The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) is a government agency, re-established under the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act, 1994 (Act 478): To encourage, promote and facilitate investments in all sectors of the economy except mining and petroleum
We are the one-stop agency that facilitates and supports local and foreign investors in both the manufacturing and services sectors as they seek more value-creating operations, higher sustainable returns and new business opportunities.

Objectives & Functions

• The GIPC co-ordinates and monitors all investment activities falling under Act 478 and assist both domestic and foreign investors in:
• Initiating and supporting measures that will, enhance the investment climate in the country for both Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian companies.
• Promoting investments in and outside Ghana through effective promotion.
• Collecting, collating, analysing and disseminating information about investment opportunities and sources of investment capital, and advising on the availability, choice or suitability of partners in joint-venture projects;
• Registering and keeping records of all enterprises to which this Act is applicable.
• Identifying specific projects and inviting interested investors for participation in those projects initiating, organizing and participating in promotional activities such as exhibitions, conferences and seminars for the stimulation of investments.
• Maintaining a liaison between investors and ministries, government departments and agencies, institutional lenders and other authorities concerned with investments
• Providing and disseminating up-to-date information on incentives available to investors.
• Assisting investors by providing support services including assistance with permits required for the establishment and operation of enterprises.
• Evaluating the impact of the Centre on investments in the country and recommending appropriate changes where necessary.
• Registering and keeping records of all technology-transfer agreements relating to investments under this Act.
• Performing such other functions as are incidental to the attainment of the objectives of this Act.

SERVICES

Investment Facilitation

The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre in pursuance of its mandate of co-ordinating and monitoring all investment activities facilitate investments by :-
Maintenance of liaison between investors and Ministries, Government departments and agencies, institutional lenders and other authorities concerned with investments;

• provision and dissemination of up-to-date information on incentives available to investors; and
• assisting incoming and existing investors by providing support services including assistance to procure authorities and permits required for the establishment and operation of enterprises;

Monitoring & Evaluation

The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre co-ordinate and monitor all investment by :-

• evaluating the impact of the Centre on investments in the country and recommends appropriate changes where necessary
• registering and keeping records of all enterprises to which this Act is applicable;
• registering and keeping records of all technology transfer agreements relating to investments under this Act

Investment Procedures

Establishment of Investment Projects

Under the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act, 1994 (Act 478), investment in all sectors of the economy, other than mining, petroleum, free zones and portfolio investments, cannot be established without prior approval by GIPC. Mining and Petroleum sector projects have to be approved or licensed by the Minerals Commission and the Ministry of Mines and Energy, respectively. Industrial activities in the Export Processing Zone are administered by the Ghana Free Zones Board while portfolio investments are handled by the Ghana Stock Exchange.

Foreign investors intending to invest in Ghana are by law to register with the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) under the GIPC ACT 478. The registration will be concluded only when the legal minimum equity contribution has been met.

The amounts involved are:

Joint Venture                         - US$10,000.00
100% Foreign-Owned         - US$50,000.00
All Trading Enterprises      - US$300,000.00

To satisfy the minimum equity requirement, the investor must follow the following steps:
 
STEP 1 - Registration with Registrar General's Department  
Incorporate a company at the Registrar General's Department. The department has five (5) working days to complete formalities if all documents are in order.
 
STEP 2 - Minimum Equity Contribution
Foreign investors should comply with the GIPC Act 478 regarding minimum equity requirements either in cash or in kind as follows:
(a) Bank Account - Open two corporate accounts, (i.e. foreign and local) with a local bank of your choice.
(b) By Bank Transfer - Effect a Bank to Bank transfer of minimum equity requirement, which has to be converted into local currency (Cedis). This transaction should be confirmed to the Bank of Ghana by the investor's local authorised dealer bank. Bank of Ghana in turn, confirms this transaction to GIPC for the company's registration purposes.
(c) By Physical Cash - Physical cash carried into Ghana by individuals for investment purposes should be declared on Bank of Ghana Form T5 on arrival and subsequently deposited in a bank account within the shortest possible time. This transaction should be confirmed by your dealer Bank and the Bank of Ghana as in (b) above.

Importation of Plant, Machinery and Equipment
Enterprises are free to implement their projects by importing the relevant plant, machinery and equipment. Zero-rated and concessionary duty items should be cleared     automatically and directly through CEPS. Essential plant, machinery and equipment, which fall under Section 24 of Act 478 should be cleared with the GIPC.
(d) Equity in Kind - In the case of equity in kind in the form of imported machinery, equipment and goods, all documents covering such imports should be in the name of the registered company and evidenced by the following which should be submitted to GIPC for registration purposes:

• Bill of Lading/Airway Bill (Originals)
• Destination (Ghana) Inspection Certificate
• Customs Bill of Entry (Originals)
• Import Declaration Form (IDF)
• Certified/Final Invoices
• Evidence of Capitalisation – Form 6 from the Registrar General Department.

(e) Registration with relevant Agencies -  Registration with the relevant agencies as applicable to the sector of operation.

STEP 3 - Registration with GIPC
The investor then registers with the GIPC (after paying the relevant fees), which has five (5) statutory working days to complete the registration process, provided the registration forms are in order.

STEP 4 - Wholly Ghanaian-owned Enterprises
Wholly Ghanaian-owned enterprises do not need to register with GIPC since the minimum foreign capital requirement does not apply to such enterprises.

STEP 5 - Immigrant Quota
All wholly Ghanaian-owned enterprises and enterprises with foreign participation seeking immigrant quota facilities in respect of expatriate personnel (experts) for their businesses should satisfy the relevant minimum capital requirements specified under Section 30 of Act 478. Immigrant quota request is by a letter to GIPC.

STEP 6 - Registration with IRS and VAT Secretariat
All enterprises must register directly with the Internal Revenue Service and the Value Added Tax (VAT) Secretariat for purposes of statutory tax, e.g. taxes, rebates and exemptions thereof.

STEP 7 - Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate
Enterprises must register and obtain an environmental permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Cost of Doing Business in Ghana
A. Business Registration
Registrar General’s Department (RGD)
The Registrar General’s Department is the organization that registers all companies (societies and institutions) in Ghana. The Law regulating the formation of companies is the Companies Code, 1963 (Act 179). A Limited Liability company is the most common structure utilized by businesses, particularly foreign investors and others who want to limit their liabilities.

Limited Liability companies are expected to fill out the relevant Application Forms, which serve as the Company ’s Regulations. All companies must have an auditor, who must be a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, but should not be an officer or servant of the company or be an employee or partner of such persons. When all such forms have been filled satisfactorily and relevant fees paid, a Certificate of Incorporation and a Certificate to Commence Business are issued. Below are the basic costs and fees applicable at the RGD office:
 
                                                                                                             US$                    GH¢       
Application Forms                  -                                                    7.14                  10.00       
Stamp Duty is 0.5% of stated /paid-up capital                 
Filing  Fees                                 -                                                    7.14                  10.00       
Incorporation Fees                -                                                    40.00               56.00       
Auditor's Fees Varies
              
(a)Centre (GIPC) The GIPC is responsible for registering all (foreign) investment, which qualify under the GIPC Act 1994. This Act does not apply to either mining or petroleum enterprises.

Application Procedure: Investors are required to complete Investor Registration Forms Within five (5) days from the date of orderly receipt of these forms (and its attachments) the GIPC will formally register the investment. Below are the relevant fees and costs applicable at GIPC:    

CATEGORY
     
                                                                                                    US$            GH ¢       
1. REGISTRATION       
a)Wholly Ghanaian Owned Business              -            Free             Free       
b)Joint-venture (ie $10,000)                          -            1,000         1,400       
c)  Wholly Foreign (ie $50,000)                     -            2,500         3,500       
d)General Trading (ie $300,000)                  -            5,000         7,000       
e)Renewal (Every 2 years)                                -            1,500         2,100       
f)Certificate Replacement                                  -            100             140       
g) Liaison Office                                                     -            7,500         10,500   
h) Tourism

• Up to $500,000 investment
• $500,000 - $2million investment
• above $2million investment    1,000 5,000 10,000 1,400 7,000 14,000    

 
i)All Strategic Investment (LI 1817 and section 25)    20,000         28,000   
  
2. EXEMPTION       
a)Invoice Value up to $100,000     500         700       
b)Invoice Value up to $500,000    1,000         1,400       
c)  Invoice Value up to $1,000,000    2,500         3,500       
d)Invoice Value greater than $1,000,000    5,000         7,000       
                       
3. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (Max 10 years)       
a) Transfer Value up to $500,000 per annum    2,500 p.a         3,500 p.a       
b) Transfer Value up to $1,000,000 per annum    5,000 p.a         7,000  p.a       
c) Transfer Value greater than $1,000,000 per annum    15,000 p.a         21,000 p.a    
    
Ghana Free Zones Board (GFZB)
The GFZB is responsible for the promotion of the processing and manufacturing of commodities through the establishment of export processing zones. It also encourages the development of commercial and service activities within the ports of Ghana. These activities are regulated by the Free Zone Act, 1995 (Act 504).

Application Procedure: As a basic requirement for commencing business with GFZB, investors are expected to incorporate a company/partnership in Ghana and provide evidence of possession or lease of property or intent to acquire such property.
Depending on the activity to be undertaken in the zone, the applicant should obtain and complete GFZB Form 3, 4 or 5; and submit it with the required attachments to the Secretariat of the Board. The GFZB shall notify the investor of his/her Application for License within 28 working days.
(i) Application Forms (US$100.00)
(ii) Licensing Fees
 
Business     Initial    Renewal/Year       
Manufacturing    US$2,000.00    US$1,600.00       
Commercial    US$5,000.00    US$4,000.00       
Service    US$3,000.00    US$2,000.00       
Development    US$4,000.00    US$3,000.00    
 
Labour Issues/Employment
The Labour Act 651 of 2003 regulates employment and labour issues in Ghana. This Act consolidates all laws relating to labour, employers, trade unions and industrial relations. The result of a collaborative effort among the social partners – Government, Employers and Organized Labour – the Act provides for the protection of employment, general conditions of employment, unfair labour practices, trade unions and employers organizations, occupational health, safety and environment, and labour inspection.

National Labour Commission
An important feature under the Act is the establishment of seven-member National Labour Commission. The Commission consists of two members each nominated by Government, organized labour, and employers’ organization. The chairperson is nominated by organized labour and employers.
Mission Statement
“To develop and sustain a peaceful and harmonious industrial relations environment through the use of effective dispute resolution practices, promotion of co-operation among the labour market players and mutual respect for their rights and responsibilities.”

Functions
The functions of the Commission are:
a) to facilitate the settlement of industrial disputes;
b) to settle industrial disputes;
c) to investigate labour related complaints, in particular unfair labour practices and take steps as it considers necessary to prevent labour disputes;
d) to maintain a data base of qualified persons to serve as mediators and arbitrators; and
e) to promote effective labour cooperation between labour and management
 
Independence
In the exercise of its adjudicating and dispute settlement function, the Commission is not subject to the control or direction of any persons or authority.

Powers
In settling industrial disputes the Commission has the powers of the High Court in respect of enforcing the attendance of witnesses and examining them on oath, affirmation or otherwise and compelling the production of documents, among others.

Enforcement of Orders
In enforcing its orders, the Commission makes application to the High Court for an order to compel any person who fails or refuses to comply with its direction or order.

Settlement of Industrial Disputes - Mediation
When the Commission is notified by parties to an industrial dispute that they have failed to settle the dispute by negotiation, the Commission requests the parties to settle the dispute by mediation and the settlement agreement is binding on the parties.

Voluntary Arbitration
When mediation fails and the Commission is notified, it refers the dispute to an arbitrator, selected by the parties, and the decision of the arbitrator is binding on the parties.

Compulsory Arbitration
In industrial disputes that affect workers engaged in essential services, which are prohibited from resorting to lockout or strike, the Commission settles the dispute by compulsory arbitration. The award in a compulsory arbitration is final and binding on the parties unless challenged in the Court of Appeal on questions of law.

The Value of Labour
The National Tripartite Committee, comprising the Minister responsible for Labour, representatives of the Government, employer’s organizations and organized labour, determines the national minimum wage. Currently, the daily minimum wage is GH¢3.11 (US$2.22). Another financial obligation of the employer is the payment of a statutory monthly contribution of 12.5% of employee’s basic salary to the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT).
 
The following are some other fees and charges expected in the case of the employment expatriates resident in Ghana –

(a) Ghana Immigration Service

The Ghana Immigration Service has been established as the agency of the government of Ghana to advise on and to ensure the effective implementation of all laws and regulations pertaining to immigration and related issues. The Ghana Immigration Service is mandated to regulate and monitor the entry, residence, employment and exit of all foreigners. Movement of Ghanaians in and out of the country is equally monitored.
 
(i) Resident Permit/Person (ECOWAS)    ¢500,000 (GH¢50) (US$35.71)       
(ii) Resident Permit/Person – Others    ¢2,000,000 (GH¢200) (US$142.86)       
(iii) Re-Entry Permits (Single/Multiple)    US$50.00/100.00    

(b) Ghana Investment Promotion Centre
 
(i) Automatic Quota (per person)    US$500 ¢7,000,000 GH¢700       
(ii) Additional Quota (per person)    US$2,500 ¢35,000,000 GH¢3,500       
(iii) Replacement of Quota (per person)    US$500 ¢7,000,000 GH¢700       
(iv) Short term Quota up to 2 years    US$1000 ¢14,000.000 GH¢1400    

(c) Ghana Free Zones Board
(i) Resident Permit/Person/Year - US$200.00
 
(c) Taxes
Companies operating in Ghana are liable to pay varied levels of taxes depending on the sector of operation, and the location of the project and whether the company is listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Taxable profits are based on profits declared in audited accounts subject to adjustments made for capital allowances. For more information on the tax rates in 2010 visit the Internal Revenue Website: www.irs.gov.gh

Income tax incentives are provided under the Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) and further amended by Internal Revenue (Amendment) (No.2) ACT, 2006 (ACT 710)6. Income Tax rates applicable to resident individuals are:
 
Breakdown    Chargeable Income GH¢    Rate of Tax       
First    240.00    Free       
Next    240.00    5%       
Next    1,200.00    10%       
Next    7,920.00    17.5%       
Exceeding    9,600.00    25%    

If you take someone on to work for you, (even your wife, husband or child), you may have to deduct tax and Social Security (www.ssnit.com) from their earnings, and pay the employer's share of 12.5% of the Social Security Contributions.

For more information on the income taxation in Ghana visit Internal Revenue Service website (www.irs.gov.gh)

The income tax rate applicable to non-resident individuals is 20%.
 
(d) Utilities
(a) Electricity
The Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) is responsible for the distribution of electricity within all but northern Ghana. The Volta River Authority (VRA), through its distribution agency, the Northern Electricity Department (NED), is the sole distributor of electricity in the Brong-Ahafo, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, and parts of Ashanti and Volta Regions of Ghana
Application Procedure: Investors need to apply by letter to the ECG, which must specify the following, among others:

• Where the company will be located;
• A site plan of the area (as obtained from Town & Country Planning);
• Total load required;
• Processes to be used in the production activity; and
• Number of shifts (if applicable

Following receipt of the letter, the ECG makes a visit to the site to determine the nearest source of supply and to assess the cost of the connection. Before installation can be effected, the investor typically pays 100% of the installation costs. The ECG generally has the required equipment in stock and installation typically occurs immediately thereafter.
Installation costs vary depending on a number of factors and are calculated by the ECG. Rates payable for electricity consumption for both industrial and domestic purposes are approved by the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC).

For further information, contact:

The Managing Director
Electricity Company of Ghana
P. O. Box 521
Accra – Ghana
Tel: +233-302 676747; 676727
Fax: +233-302 666262
Email: ecgho@ghana.com
Website: www.ecgonline.info/ecgweb

(b)Telecommunications
i. Landline TelephoneServices:
There are two (2) fixed network operators of telephone services in Ghana, namely Vodafone Ghana Limited (formerly Ghana Telecom Limited) and Zain (formerly WESTEL). Vodafone Ghana Ltd is by far the larger of the two operators. Zain currently deploys only 2, 907 lines as against Vodafone’s 140,993 lines.

Application Procedure:
A site survey will be carried out by Ghana Telecom to enable estimation of materials required. The cost of the services is dependent on the location and materials, among others.
The investor is informed of cost and after the payment the service will be provided, almost immediately thereafter.
For further information, contact:

The Managing Director
Telecom House
Kwame Nkrumah Circle
Private Mail Bag 221
Accra North
Tel: +233-302 200200
Fax: +233-302 221002
Email:info.gh@vodafone.com Website:www.vodafone.com.gh
ii. Mobile Telephone Services:
Currently, there are six (6) registered cellular phone service providers, namely SCANCOM (MTN), MILLICOM (TIGO), VODAFONE (ONE TOUCH), KASAPA, ZAIN (formerly CELLTEL) and GLOBACOM (GLO). All these service providers are operational but the Glo. Connecting to mobile operators is through dealers and dealer agents, who are found in many cities and towns.

Investors are required to apply to and complete a form requesting telephone services (business/residential) giving his/her particular including site location.

iii. Fixed wireless access:
Three (3) of the Mobile Telephone Service providers Vodafone, Zain and Scancom (MTN) also provide fixed wireless services
              (C) Water
The Aqua Vitens Rand Limited (AVRL) the operator of Ghana Water Company Limited is responsible for the management (i.e. production and distribution) of pipe-borne water in most urban areas and towns. The Community Water & Sanitation Programme also assists in the management of potable water in communities in smaller towns and villages in the districts.

To be connected to water, an investor must follow the following procedures:
·    Investor needs to apply by completing the relevant application forms and paying the relevant fees;
·    Through the District Offices of the GWCL, the area will be inspected, a drawing, size and pressure of the nearest pipe be determined;
·    The applicant must pay the cost of connection in full before connection is effected.
For further information, contact:
The Managing Director
Ghana Water Company Limited
Post Office Box M. 194
Accra – Ghana
Tel: +233-302 666781-7 / 774011
Fax: +233-302 663552
Website:www.avrl-ghana.com
(D) Postal and Courier Services
(D) Postal and Courier
The Ghana Post Company Ltd, operating as a public company, runs branches throughout the country and competes with private courier services.

To access a postal Box:
• Pick a form from the post office you wish to have your mails delivered
• The officer in charge will check on the availability of a box and you pay only when given a box number. Yearly Rentals charges are GH¢15 for private and GH¢40 for commercial (business entities) and the key deposit is GH¢5

The Ghana Post Office also provides Private Mail Bags when the boxes are not available.

There are currently forty (40) courier service providers registered and licensed by the Postal and Courier Services Regulatory Commission (PCSRC) in Ghana involved in the various courier service operations.  Below is a list of seven of these companies.
 
Company    Telephone    Fax    Location/Email/Website       
BKB Couriers (Ghana) Limited    (+233-302) 221817; 221801; 243498; 247380    (+233-302) 231625    324/4 Faanofa Street; Accra;Email: bkb@idngh.com http://www.bkbcouriers.co.uk/       
DHL (Ghana) Ltd    (+233-302) 221552; 229722; 221647; 227035         C.913/3 North Ridge, Crescent Road; Accra       
EMS    (+233-302) 668137-8         Private Mail Bag, General Post Office; Accra       
Federal Express (FEDEX)    (+233-302) 257921-2; 223852; 666659; 663725    (+233-302) 257928    No. 60 Mango Tree Ave.; Asylum Down; AccraEmail: iasghana@idngh.com iasghana@netplux.com Website: http://www.fedex.com/        
TNT Express Worldwide    (+233-302) 773825; 775936         Trinity House, Ring Road; Accra       
United Parcel Service (UPS)    (+233-302) 762509-10         Danquah Circle, Osu – Accra Email: Antrak@africaonline.com.gh Website: http://www.ups.com/        
Universal Express    (+233-302) 774225; 765350         Kotoka International Airport; Accra    

Investment Environment

Government Policy

President John Evans Attah-Mills has committed himself to creating a "Better Ghana" by the end of his tenure of office. The essence of this vision is to energise the private sector enough to serve as the propellant from which economic growth is fuelled and thereby improving the worth of the people. This has found expression not only in closer collaboration and partnership with the private sector but also the mobilisation of funding to the latter. In line with this vision, the Government has created a special project called the  Private Sector Development [PSD] with a challenge to facilitate the development and growth of a competitive and vibrant private sector and also to help reduce the cost of doing business in Ghana.
In accordance with this vision, the PSD has established an Institutional and Legal Reform Division to facilitate the drafting of a number of reform bills, including the Companies Code, the Insolvency Bill, Money Laundering Bill and the Insurance Bill, aimed at improving the business environment. It has also successfully facilitated the development of a National Medium Term Private Sector Development Strategy Document, which provides the framework for a common approach to private sector development challenges by relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies in a more coherent manner. These are among the general and specific functions, which the "Project" is charged to perform to ensure the achievement of the objective of strengthening the private sector to effectively serve as the engine of growth and prosperity.

Business and the Law

Business law conforms to international norms and is based on a framework of legislation relating to business activity, copyrights, patents, trademarks, disputes and labour relations. Ghana subscribes to a number of international conventions on industrial and intellectual property. There are numerous public sector agencies as well as private legal, business consulting and accounting firms, which can provide expert guidance on doing business in Ghana.
Sanctity of contracts ensures respect for commercial rights and obligations. Damages are compensatory, not punitive, and an independent court system ensures equitable protection of rights. Mediation, arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution are routinely used.
Businesses operating in Ghana need to be familiar with:

• The Companies Act, 1963 (Act 179)
• Ghana Investment Promotion Act, 1994 (Act 478)
• Ghana Free Zones Act, 1995 (Act 505)
• The Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592)
• Fisheries Act, 2002 (Act 625)
• Forestry Commission Act, 1999 (Act 571)
• National Communications Authority Act, 1996 (Act 542)
• Petroleum (Exploration & Production) Law, 1984 (PNDCL 84)
• The Minerals Commission Act, 1993 (Act 450)
• The VAT Act, 1998 (Act 546)
• Banking Law, 1989 (PNDCL 225)
• Social Security & National Insurance Trust Law
• Environmental Conservation Act
• The Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651)

Attitude To Private Investment

Government’s macroeconomic policy is designed to accelerate the process of growth and transformation of the economy under competitive conditions. Monetary policy has been consistent and fiscal discipline is apparent from lower budget deficits. Inflation continues its downward course and access to foreign exchange is improving. 
The private sector has been assigned a leading role in the economic development process. Co-ordinating this role is the Private Enterprise Foundation (PEF), an advocacy institution responsible for a rapid and unimpeded private sector development. The PEF was founded on the initiative of four major business associations viz., Association of Ghana Industries (AGI), Ghana National Chamber of Commerce (GNCC), the Ghana Employer's Association (GEA), and the Federation of Association of Ghanaian Exporters (FAGE). The policy thrust is to improve public-private partnership in the creation of an enabling environment for the successful operation of viable business.

Investment Guarantees Transfer of Profits

Ghana Investment Promotion Act, 1994 (Act 478), provides guarantees to all enterprises, free transferability through any authorized dealer bank in freely convertible currency of dividends or net profits attributable to a foreign investment; payments in respect of loan servicing where a foreign loan has been obtained; remittance of proceeds (net of all taxes and other obligations) in the event of sale or liquidation of the enterprise or any interest attributable to the investment.

MIGA/IPPA

Ghana is a member of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) of the World Bank, which provides investment guarantees against non-commercial risk for investments in developing countries. Additionally, the Government has entered into bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements (IPPAs), as well as double taxation treaties with a number of countries to further enhance the protection and security of the investment regime.

Advantages for Locating in Ghana

Reputable surveys rate Ghana as one of the most attractive locations for doing business in Africa. However, in view of the Government’s policy to make Ghana the Gateway to West Africa, serious efforts are still being made to make the business environment more friendly thereby reducing occupancy costs for commercial and industrial properties and the general cost of doing business in Ghana.
Ghana offers many attractions to the foreign investor:

• A stable political environment
• A sound macroeconomic policy
• 100% foreign ownership permitted
• On-going Privatisation of programme
• A large Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) market (250 million people).
• Good and ever improving physical infrastructure 
• Availability of skilled and trainable labour.
• Competitive labour cost.
• Quota-Free access to USA & European Union markets.
• Proximity to European Union (6 hrs flight time) and USA markets (9 hrs direct flight time).
• Fast developing financial infrastructure
• High degree of personal safety
• Warm and friendly people
• Fairly high quality of life.

Infrastructure

Introduction

Due to the key successes achieved under the implementation of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy I (GPRS I), especially in the areas of reducing poverty from 39% to 28.5% during the period 2003 to 2005, and the attainment of relative economic stability in the economy, a successor national development policy framework, GPRS II, has been formulated to be carried out between 2006 to 2009 to focus on policies and programmes that will bring about growth of the economy and support wealth creation and poverty reduction.

In the specific context of improving the level of infrastructure in the country, the goal is to facilitate both intra regional trade and to open up rural areas for investment, productivity enhancement and job creation, introduce/deepen competition and create an enabling environment for the private sector to spearhead the country’s development in the following areas:

• Information and communication technology 
• Energy 
• Transportation 
• Accommodation 
• Education 
• Health 
• Tourism 

Information and communication technology

It has been argued that the development of information and communication technology (ICT) provides leapfrogging opportunities for developing countries. Ghana has not been left out in this revolution. According to the Data Development Group of the World Bank, ICT infrastructure in Ghana is progressing better than other low-income countries and above the 1.1% average for Sub-Saharan Africa.

The Government of Ghana has, since February 2004, enacted an ICT development policy with 14 priority areas. The thrust of the policy is to primarily concentrate on promoting ICT physical infrastructure development, which will in turn facilitate the development of the private sector.

It is heartening to note that in 2009 Ghana was ranked as the most preferred business destination in sub-Saharan Africa for Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) business in the AT Kearney Global Services Location Index. The ranking which is based on a country’s ability to handle business is done under three main criteria: financial attractiveness; people skills and availability; and business environment.

Additionally the 2009 “Outsourcing to Africa Report” for the relative ranking of 15 country locations also recognized Ghana as ready and upcoming in infrastructure status for outsourcing with positive People Driver indicators as well.

Infrastructure:

The Kofi Annan ICT Centre of Excellence, a joint Ghana/India project has been commissioned with a responsibility to produce the human resource capacity needed for the emerging ICT industry in Ghana and the sub-region.

The Multi-Media Centre is also to serve as an incubator where new private companies in the industry can be nurtured and relocated to the Technology Parks Business Centre, which is to be set up at Free Zone enclave at Tema.

These notwithstanding, various investments in ICT infrastructure by existing Internet Service Providers and telecommunication companies are helping to improve communication service delivery in the country. Others too are launching systems that aim at enhancing the provision of high-speed access to the internet and multimedia capabilities. Recently, the Government signed an agreement with Microsoft Corporation under which the largest ICT Company in the world would provide resources to improve ICT education in Ghana.

Vodafone Ghana recently launched the fastest internet cafe in Africa with over 40 megabytes per second. The Vodafone internet café and retail store, with its WiFi area can seat up to 100 customers in air conditioned comfort plus the outdoor seating area. Top of the line graphic card and multimedia kits are also installed for those that love online gaming.

The new Vodafone Internet Cafes & Retail stores are located in Cantonments, Accra North, Accra Central, Accra Mall, Tema, Kumasi, Koforidua, Ho, Tamale and Takoradi .

The effect of all these has been the modest growth in ICT activities in Ghana. A host of foreign companies has been attracted to Ghana. Some of these are Affiliated Computer Services, Data Management International Inc., Rising Data Solutions, Global Response, Busy Internet, AQ Solutions and Supra Telecom. Indications are that a lot more are in the pipeline.

Telephony:

The telecommunications sector in Ghana has been liberalized and reformed. The monopoly of the former Post and Telecommunications Corporation was abolished with the enactment of the National Communications Authority Act, 1996 (Act 524), which established the National Communications Authority (NCA) as a sector regulator.

The object of the National Communications Authority is to regulate the provision of communications services in Ghana.

The market continues to grow aggressively in all segments, particularly, in the telephony space. Over the last 5 years and 8 years respectively, the market uptake has been growing at a compound average growth rate of 62.3% and 58.3% respectively. With respect to the market, telephone penetration at the end of 2008 was 52.4% composed of 99% mobile and 1% fixed. As at the end of 2008, the total number of fixed and mobile lines was 11,714,330 with fixed lines amounting to about 143,900 and the mobile lines making up the rest. Vodafon Ghana is the main fixed line operator with a huge market share of 97.98%. Westel which is now Zain had fewer subscribers covering the Accra- Tema Metropolis and a market share of 2.02%.

There are six (6) cellular network operators. MTN (Ghana) Limited remains the market leader with a share of 55.56%. Tigo followed in the second position with a share of 24.96%. Vodafon Ghana is in the third position with a share of 13.76%. Kasapa, the only CDMA network in the country is in the fourth position with a share of 3.41%, Zain is in the fifth position with a share of 2.31% and Globacom are yet to start operations.

Internet Services:

Internet usage has caught up rapidly with Ghanaians over the last six to ten years. Growth has been particularly strong in the private sector for whom the internet has become an important tool for business. Below is a list of communication service providers in Ghana at the moment.

• National Network Operators                      3
• Wireless Telephony Operators                   4
• Internet Service providers                       114
• Paging Services Providers                         10
• Public Data Service Providers                   57
• VSAT Data Network Operators                96
• Free on Air Television Stations                 23
• Privately-Owned Radio (FM) Stations    146
• Pay Per View Cable/Satellite (Accra)        16
• Pay Per View Subscription                          7
• Satellite Re-broadcasting TV                       1

Source: National Communication Authority

Energy

The energy sector is the lifeline in the development of any nation. This belief informed the decision to undertake the construction of the first hydroelectric (Akosombo) dam in 1965, which continues to be an important investment in Ghana’s economic history. Over the years with the increased demand by power users for greater security and reliability other sources of power – thermal, solar and lately windmills, as well as imports – have been added to the generation mix. The thrust of Government policy in the energy sector and Ghana’s oil find in commercial quantities is to push for a significant increase in its energy resources to become a net exporter of both power and fuel within the next five years. The production of Ghana’s oil will start in the fouth quarter of 2010.

The Ministry of Energy has the responsibility for developing and implementing energy sector policy in Ghana. As part of its oversight responsibility, the Ministry also operates the nation’s strategic reserve of petroleum products through the publicly owned Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company (BOST).

The sector is composed of two main sectors, namely petroleum and power. The Petroleum sector is made up of two sub-sectors – the downstream activities (i.e. finished products production, distribution) and upstream activities (i.e. exploration, development, production of oil and gas).

In the downstream segment, the Tema Oil Refinery, which operates Ghana’s only petroleum refinery with a processing capacity of about 45,000 barrels of crude oil per stream day  produces gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, pre-mix fuel, aviation fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), among others. Tema Lube Oil Company produces assorted lubricants and special oils on behalf of the 17 licensed Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs).
 
In the upstream sub-sector, the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) is the key institution that is collaborating with private investors to prospect for crude oil and gas within Ghana’s territorial boundaries.

The Power sub-sector is run by three utilities: the Volta River Authority (VRA), Ghana Grid Company Limited and Electricity Company of Ghana Limited (ECG). The total installed generating capacity of electric power in Ghana is about 1,778MW comprising 1,198MW of hydro generation (Akosombo and Kpong stations), 550MW from Takoradi Thermal Power Station and 30MW diesel plant from Tema.

Currently, Ghana is expecting 1,261.5MW additional energy production from the following sources by 2015:

• VRA (TT1PP-THERMAL) 126MW
• TEMA (TT2PP-THERMAL) 49.5MW
• KPONE ASOGLI (THERMAL) 560MW
• OSAGYEFO BARGE 125MW
• BUI (HYDRO) 400MW

The Ministry also has oversight responsibility over the Energy commission, which is a sector institution responsible for regulating, developing and managing the utilization of energy resources such as electricity, natural gas and petroleum products. The commission is also responsible, in particular, for preparing indicative plans for the development of the energy sector, licensing of public utilities for transmission, wholesale supply, distribution and sale of electricity and natural gas and enforcing performance standards of the utilities.

The Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) is a statutorily independent body responsible for regulating and the overseeing provision of electrical and water utility services to consumers. Its functions include protecting the interests of providers and consumers, approval of rate, monitoring performance, standards and promoting competition among service providers.

For more information on investment projects in the sector, contact:
The Hon. Minister
Ministry of Energy
P.O. Box T40 Stadium Post Office
Accra – Ghana
Tel: +233 302 667 151
Fax: +233 302 668 262
E-mail: energy1@ghana.com

Transportation

The provision of infrastructure and operations in all modes of transport in Ghana are dominated by the state. Except in the case of road transport, the public sector has been heavily involved in operations in all modes and has monopoly over rail and inland water transport.

Road:

Road transport is very important to the Ghanaian economy. It is estimated that road transport accounts for 98% of freight ton-miles and about 97% of passenger miles in the country.

Road transport in Ghana may be categorized into 4 main segments, namely urban, express services, rural-urban and rural. The demand for urban passenger transport is mainly by residents commuting to work, school, and other economic, social and leisure activities. Most urban transportation in Ghana is by road and provided by private transport including taxis, mini-buses and state/private-supported bus services. By road transport buses are the main mode of transport accounting for about 60% of passenger movement. Taxis account for only 14.5% with the remaining accounted for by private cars.

One important trend in road transport (especially inter-city) is that there has been a shift from mini-buses towards medium and large cars with capacities of 30-70 seats. There has been a growing preference for good buses as the sector continues to offer more options to passenger in tons of quality of vehicles used.

According to the Ministry of Roads and Transport, Ghana’s road transport infrastructure is made up of 63,122km of road network linking the entire country as at the end of 2006. The network consisted of 12,786km of trunk roads, 40,671km of Feeder roads and 9,764km of urban roads.

On the whole, traffic densities are low, except in the large cities of Accra and Kumasi, where peak hour densities are relatively high. The intention is to have many of the existing highways tolled and private-sector participation in road construction and ownership.
For further information, contact:

The Hon. Minister
Ministry of Roads and Transport
P. O. Box M. 38
Accra – Ghana
Tel: (+233 302 661575)
Fax: (+233 302 672676)
Website: www.mrt.gov.gh

Railways:

A triangular rail network (of 950km) links the three cities of Kumasi in the heart of the country, Takoradi in the west and Accra-Tema in the east. The network connects the main agricultural and mining regions to the ports of Tema and Takoradi. It has mainly served the purpose of hauling minerals, cocoa and timber. Considerable passenger traffic is also carried on the network.

There are firm plans by the Government to develop the rail network more extensively to handle up to handle up to 60% of solid and liquid bulk cargo haulage between the ports and the interior and /or the landlocked neighbouring countries to the north of Ghana and elsewhere.

The government has set out seeking the necessary investment to restore the network, improve speed and axle load capacity and replace worn-out rolling stock.

Plans are far advanced to privatize the State-owned Ghana Railways Corporation (GRC) through concession and to provide much greater capacity for rail haulage of containers and petroleum products. Government also has plans of linking the suburbs of Accra to the central business area by rail and also link the north to the south to serve the landlocked countries north of Ghana.

For further information, contact:

The Hon. Minister
 Ministry of Railways Ports & Harbours
Private Mail Bag
Accra – Ghana
Tel: (+233-302 681780)
Fax: (+233-302 681781)

Air Travel:

The country is at the hub of an extensive international (and national) airline network that connects Ghana to Africa and the rest of the world. Most major international carriers fly regularly to Kotoka International Airport (KIA) in Accra, the main entry point to Ghana by air.

This is the result of Ghana’s open skies policy, which frees an air space regulator from the constraints on capacity, frequency, route, structure and other air operational restrictions. In effect, the policy allows the Ghana Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) to operate with minimal restrictions from aviation authorities, except in cases of safety and standards and/or dominant position to distort market conditions.

Ghana is working to position herself as the gateway to West Africa. KIA remains the leading and preferred airport in the sub-region, having attained Category One status by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) audit as part of their International Aviation Safety Audit (IASA) programme.
 
As at now, Ghana is one of four countries in sub-Saharan Africa in this category. The others are Egypt, South Africa and Morocco. It handles the highest volume of cargo in the sub-region and has all the requisite safety facilities, recommended practices and security standards.

A rehabilitation programme embarked upon since 1996 has brought about an expansion and refurbishment and upgrading  of facilities at the international terminal building, as well as the domestic terminal. These terminals now have significantly increased traveler and cargo capacity.

The airport’s runway has been extended to cater for all types of aircraft allowing direct flights from Ghana at maximum take-off weight without the need for technical stops en-route.

Another important part of the airport development programme is the Airport City Project. This involves an enclave adjoining the airport, which has been created, serviced and leased to private companies and entrepreneurs who are constructing hotels, shopping malls, entertainment centers, etc to complement the operations of GCAA.

Below is a list of airlines operating in Ghana:

                   • ALITALIA
                   • BRITISH AIRWAYS
                   • EGYPT AIR
                   • EMIRATES AIRLINES
                   • ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES
                   • GHANA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES
                   • KLM
                   • LUFTHANSA
                   • SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS
                   • MIDDLE EAST AIRLINES
                   • UNMIL
                   • AFRIQIYAH
                   • CEIDA INTERCONTINENTAL
                   • AIR BURKINA
                   • KENYA AIRWAYS
                   • BELVIEW
                   • VIRGIN ATLANTIC
                   • DELTA AIRLINES
                   • UNITED AIRLINES
                   • AERO CONTRACTORS
                   • AIR NAMIBIA
                   • ROYAL AIR MAROC
                   • AIR NIGERIA
           
For further information, contact:
                                           
The Director General
Ghana Civil Aviation Authority
Tel: (+233-21) 776171
Email: center@ighmail.com
Website: www.gcaa.com.gh

Harbours:

Ghana has two (2) commercial ports at Tema, in the east and Takoradi in the west. An inland port is under construction at Boankra, near Kumasi

The port of Tema covers 166 hectares of water area enclosed by 2 breakwaters. Ther are 2 quays housing 12 multi-purpose berths. Quay 1 houses berth 6-12, while Quay 2 houses berths 1-5. These berths are operated as common-user and a wide range of cargo including dry bulks, steel products, bagged cargo, newspapers, vehicles and containers. There is a terminal for handling crude and other liquid petroleum products. The oil berth can accommodate tanker of up to 244 metres in length with a maximum draught of 9.7 metres.

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in cargo through Tema and owing to trans-shipment and transit traffic to land-locked Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. Indications are that traffic will continue to grow in the foreseeable future.

The Takoradi port, a much smaller one, was commissioned in 1928, but underwent major rehabilitation in the 1990s. It is slated for another massive refurbishment under the Ghana Gateway Project in the near future. Currently, it handles about 60% of Ghana’s total exports, which mainly includes minerals (manganese, bauxite and gold), timber and cocoa.

A new centrally located “ inland port” is being constructed at Boankra near Kumasi in the heart of the country. This is expected to be an important staging post for goods in transit to and from the landlocked countries lying north of Ghana. This will be a multi-modal facility handling both road and rail traffic. When the facility enters service, cargo owners to the northern part of Ghana will be able to use Boankra as their trans-shipment instead of Tema and Takoradi.

Due to Ghana’s oil find there is a short term development project to take place at the Takoradi port. The project which is estimated to cost about USD 50 million would involve dredging of the area to 7.0 m, land reclamation, relocation of the cocoa sheds outside the port, construction of about 500m quay walls, 650m oil berth with 10m draft, water hydrant for the supply of fresh water to vessels, office accommodation, oil storage tanks for bunkering, storage facility of oil production materials in a free zone and cargo handling equipment.

Based on cargo forecast up to year 2028 a master plan has been developed for the long term. The estimated cost of project is USD 650 million and it will see facilities like breakwater extension, paved operating areas, conveyers for clinker, bauxite and manganese, railroad, paved roads, container yard and cargo handling equipment being added to the port.

Fishing Harbours:

 In the eastern part of Tema is one of Ghana’s main fishing harbours. Another one is at Sekondi and other minor ones are located at Elmina, Mumford and other fishing communities along the coast. The Tema Fishing harbour is divided into 3 zones – the inner outer fishing harbour has a protective water area of 15 hectares, a maximum draught of 5.2 metres and an average draught of 4.0 metres at low water level. Facilities include:

• Lay-by jetting: 155 metres long with berthing for over 50 wooden   vessels
• Mooring for 20 steel vessels
• Net repairing wharf (100 metres long)
• Two (2) fishing handling sheds
• Fish market hall
  
  For further information, contact:

 The Director General
  Ghana Ports & Harbours Authority
  P. O. Box 488
  Tema – Ghana
  Tel: (+233 302) 204385-6
   Fax: (+233 302) 204136
   Email: tema@ghanaports.net
   Website: www.ghanaports.gov.gh

Dry dock:

The port of Tema is also a leading center of ship repairs on the west coast of Africa. Convening nearly 49 acres, the shipyard is a convenient hub for dry-docking and repairs of all kinds of ships ranging form large sea going vessels to coasters and fishing boats. It has facilities for ship repair, dry-docking, steel fabrication, general engineering, met lock repairs and non-destructive testing.

For further information, contact:

  The Chief Executive Officer
   PSC Tema Shipyard Limited
   P. O. Box 455
   Tema
   Tel: (+233 303) 206517
    FaX:(+233 303) 206536
    Email: psct@africaonline.com
    Webiste:  www.psc-tema.com
 
Water Transport: The Volta Lake was created in the early 1960’s by building a dam at Akosombo and flooding the long valley of the River Volta. It is the largest man-made lake in the world stretching 415km form Akosombo 101km north of Accra, to Buipe in northern Ghana, about 200km from Ghana’s border with Burkina Faso.

As a waterway, the Volta Lake plays a key role in the “Ghana Corridor” programme by providing a useful and low cost alternative to road and rail transport between the north and the south. Ghana is in an advantageous position, by virtue of her seaports and inland lake transport system, to service the maritime needs of land-locked countries to the north of Ghana.
A company, Volta Lake Transport Company (VLTC) uses a fleet of pusher tugs and assorted barges to provide regular north-south services for general cargo and liquid bulks, and tramping service for local traders. VLTC carries 88,000 tones of cargo annually.
Northbound, one of the most important cargoes is diesel oil, which is piped to Akosombo from the Tema Oil Refinery and taken on to final destination (Buipe) by barge. Other cargos include alumina, sulphate, cement, fertilizer, stores and oil products, all of which are conveyed to Akosombo by truck.
Southbound, the barges carry a range of agricultural produce including cassava chips, cotton lint, cottonseed and sheanuts. All these items are trucked south (from Akosombo) to Accra and Tema, from where cottonseeds and sheanuts are exported.
VLTC also operates a 300-passenger capacity vessel between Akosombo and Yeji in Northern Ghana (293km). This vessel is designed to carry cargo as well as passengers.

For further information, contact: 
The Chief Executive
Volta Lake Transport Company Limited
P. O. Box 75
Akosombo

Tel: (+233 302) 664439; 665300
(+233 250) 20686; 20697
Fax: (+233 302) 664396
Email: akoport@ghana.com

Real Estates Development is one of the priorities of government and this sector enjoys incentives in the form of tax holidays and other concessions. Like many developing countries, Ghana suffers from inadequate housing across the social spectrum of the population. The sector, therefore, offers a wide range of potential for the growing economy. Any Housing Statistics need, Shortfall etc.
Residential Property: The dire shortage of residential accommodation in the country brought about a revolution in the real estate sector spearheaded by Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT). Many developers accepted the challenge and developed many schemes to build for the fast emerging middle class and Ghanaian residents abroad. Under the direction of the Ghana Real Estate Developers Association (GREDA), Ghana’s backlog of housing delivery has substantially reduced. The challenge is now on the delivery of affordable units to meet the aspirations of low-income workers. Though the industry is fraught with constraints, there is a huge demand. Many professionally dependable developers are available in the industry to built to customer specification or sell from its pool of existing units.

Commercial Property: investment also provides a good potential. The shortage of good premises for businesses manifests itself in the current behaviour of the property market where most retail units in prime locations are pre-let. Due to lack of good quality retail premises, most of these trendy shops are located in converted residential premises. I Accra in particular, there is the emergence of shops in response to demand.
The demand for Warehouses is also on the increase due to the fact that distribution of merchandise forms a large part of the economy. As there is lack of retail space most of the newly built units are small in size hence the tenants in most cases require off-site storage for their wares. The lack of purpose built warehouse means that most storage is done on residential premises with its attendant dangers to the residents and the public at large. Large tracts of land exist in newly developing estates for future development. The Ghana Shippers council (GSC) has acquired six (6) warehousing units in the port of Tema with a storage capacity of 6,444 square metres. This facility is available to all shippers of any type of goods, except hazardous cargos and liquids.
Meeting Venues: Ghana provides some of the finest state-of-the-art conference facilities in Africa and a broad choice of other meeting venues. Accra offers modern first class hotels, major exhibition and trade fair facilities. Outside Accra, modern and flexible meeting facilities are available in Kumasi, Cape Coast and most other regions. Below is a list of some major meeting venues in Accra, the nation’s capital:
 
Venue    Accommodation    Contact       
Accra International Conference Centre (AICC)    Plenary Hall 1600 + Supplementary Rooms    Box C. 1054, Accra
Tel: +233 21 669600
Fax: +233 21 669159
       
National Theatre    Auditorium    P. O Box 198, Accra
Tel: +233 21 663459
       
University of Ghana - Legon    Great Hall 1500    P. O Box 25, Legon
Tel: +233 21 775381  
     
LABADI Beach Hotel    200    P. O Box 1
Trade Fair, Accra
Tel: +233 21 772501
Fax: 233 21 772520 
      
British Council    200    P. O Box 771, Accra
Tel: +233 21 663414  
    
M-Plaza Hotel    400    P. O Box 0608
Osu - Accra
Tel: +233 21 775922;
763492-3; 763495
Fax: +233-21 763416/7     
  
La Palm Royal Beach    400    Tel: +233 21 771666
Fax: +233 21 771717
Email: lapalm@gbhghana.com
Website: www.gbhghana.com
       
Golden Tulip Hotel    250    P. O Box 16033, Accra
Tel: +233 21 775360
Fax: +233 21 775361  
    
NOVOTEL    250    P. O Box 12720, Accra
Tel: +233 21 667546
Fax: +233 21 667533  
    
North Ridge Hotel    100    P. O Box 1365, Accra
Tel: +233 21 225809
Fax: +233 21 221417       
SANAA Lodge Hotel    100    P. O Box 6461, Accra
Tel: +233 21 220443
Fax: 233 21 227494  
    
MIKLIN Hotel    200    P. O. Box 1791, Accra
Tel: +233 21 500708; 502386; 502387
       
Golden Beach Resort    65    Tel: +233 42 34353-6
Fax: +233 42 33714
Email: elbr@gbhghana.com
Website: www.gbhghana.com
       
Volta Hotel    60    P. O Box 25, Akosombo
Tel: +233 21 251731  
     
Wangara Hotel    50    Labone Crescent,
P. O. Box 6565, Accra
Tel: +233 21 772525; 772585
Fax: +233 21 772438
Email: wangara@africaonline.com
     
Source: Compiled by GIPC

Another significant part of the Government’s development priorities is the provision of enhanced social services with emphasis on Education and Health. Investment in human resource development starts with education. Education does not only broaden one’s perspective on global and national issues, but also one’s up access to greater opportunities for improvement in one’s living conditions.
According to the 2000 Population Census, 53.3% of Ghana’s population (15 years and above) is literate in either English or a known Ghanaian language. Since much of literature and mass communication is in English, the effective literacy level is 46.9%. The level of literacy is higher for males (62.9%) than females (45.7%).

The education system provides for a nine-year Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (FCUBE), which is followed by a middle-level of 3-year Secondary/Technical/Commercial, and Vocational education. The tertiary level consists of Teacher Training Colleges, Diploma and Degree awarding institutions. The private sector plays an important role in education service delivery in Ghana. Until recently, this role was restricted to the kindergarten, nursery, primary, second-cycle institutions and to a lesser extent, tutorial colleges. Since 1996, however, private initiative in tertiary education has surged in response to excess demand for higher-level education and the shortfall in public sector delivery efforts. As at the end of 2003, the tertiary sector was made up of the following:

• Universities (Public)                               - 5
• University Colleges (Private)              - 9
• Tutorial Colleges                                       - 9
• Theological Colleges                               - 6
• Polytechnics (Public)                             -10
• Distance Learning Centres                   - 2
• Others:GIMPA                                   

Ghana Institute of Journalism
Institute of Professional Studies
NAFTI

Academy of Screen Arts

In addition, there are various specialized international schools, which follow the curricular of specific foreign examination syllabuses established principally to meet the needs of the expatriate community in the country. Notable among these are the schools catering for the American, British, French and Swiss educational systems.

Also, there are specialized management, technical and vocational institutions, which are responsible for human resource development, which ensure an immediate availability of skilled and trainable labour force as well as technical and managerial personnel.

Ghana has a relatively good health delivery service with the West African sub-region. All regional and district capitals, as well as most towns have hospitals, polyclinics or clinics. The two (2) teaching hospitals in Accra and Kumasi have facilities for treating special cases, including skin grafting and all types of Cardio cases. The 37 Military Hospital (with the recent rehabilitation) is also gearing up to become one of the best medical facilities in the West African sub-region. Additionally, several religious organizations and private medical practitioners operate specialized and generalized hospitals and clinics all over the country. Herbal medicine and psychic healing are also generally practiced.

A National Health Insurance Scheme has been instituted in Ghana in place of a “Cash and Carry” system. Parliament has since the end of the year 2003 passed this scheme into law. The scheme has been launched nation-wide and funding has been provided for it at all the 110 administrative Districts of the country. The introduction of the scheme followed about two years of piloting in 45 districts.

Ghana’s tourism sector enjoys numerous strengths including the friendliness and helpfulness of its people. The Ghanaian Hospitality is legendary. Ghana is a peaceful and loving country, where all visitors are warmly received. Ghanaians are often referred to as Africa’s Friendliest People because they are a fun-loving and cheerful people, who are proud of their country and traditions. It is a free society where much emphasis is placed on courtesy and politeness. A handshake is key to everything.
The Government has formulated a policy to develop Ghana into an internationally competitive tourist destination. To this end, a series of activities has been undertaken by the Ministry of Tourism and Modernization of the Capital City to improve upon the operations of the hospitality industry in the country. In 1996, a 15-year Master Plan for tourism development was initiated to guide the private sector and government agencies to identify and develop opportunities in the sector.

There has been a phenomena increase in tourist arrivals in the country over the last ten years. Between 1992 and 2002, tourist arrivals in Ghana increased form 213,316 to 482,643 with a corresponding increase in receipts from US$166 million to US$519.57 million. With this, tourism has proven its case as a serious income generating economic sector, whose time for conversion from a want into a need has come. Determined to build on these successes, tourism is targeted to attract one million tourists who will generate US$1.5 billion by the year 2007. An estimated 300,000 would also be employed by the sector, making it the biggest employer after agriculture and the retail sector.

The country boasts of very good golf courses, safe and un-spoilt beaches with world class hotels and restaurants. Most cities have many active ‘Keep Fit Clubs’, which have members form different countries. There are also facilities for game fishing (mauling).

Below is a breakdown of licensed accommodation establishments in the country as at the end of December 2003:

            Five Star                                                 - 1
            Four Star                                                 - 2
            Three Star                                               - 22
            Two Star                                                 - 92
            One Star                                                  - 123
            Guest Houses                                          - 127
            Budget                                                     - 65
            Resort                                                     - 3
            Non-Class Hotels                                    - 32
            Number of 2 Star Hotels and above
                       (Excluding budget hotels             - 117
            Number of rooms for above                    - 3,391
            Number of beds for above                       - 4,539
Source: (Ghana Tourist Board)

For more information on tourism, contact:
The Hon. Minister
Ministry of Tourism
Tel: (+233 302) 666314; 666426
Fax: (+233 302) 666128
E-mail: motgove@hotmail.com

The Executive Director
Ghana Tourist Board
Near Tesano Police Station
P. O. Box GP 3106
Accra – Ghana
Tel: (+233 21) 222153; 231817; 244794
Fax: (+233 21) 244611
E-mail: gtb@africaonline.com.gh
Website: www.ghanatourism.com.gh
www.africaonline.com.gh/tourism